199 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
199 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
title: Debian创建Raid5阵列
|
||
tags: []
|
||
categories: []
|
||
abbrlink: 77c1eb7c
|
||
date: 2023-06-29 01:12:23
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# 背景
|
||
三个月前，自己组建了一个Nas服务器。使用了TrueNas的系统，使用两个U盘做RAID 1安装的系统。一直很顾虑U盘做系统的可靠性，就一直没存储重要的资料。重要资料依旧放在老Nas上。
|
||
|
||
端午过后，突然发现 boot-pool出现告警。
|
||
|
||
查看阵列情况，发现一个U盘已经挂了。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
才3个月已经挂了，有点尴尬。哪怕更换了启动U盘，也不敢存放了。想着换系统。搞来搞去没有满意的系统。所以干脆裸装算了。就使用debian作为系统组软RAID,应用就万物皆docker。
|
||
|
||
# 硬盘配置
|
||
|
||
初步放了4块硬盘
|
||
480G SSD 做系统盘
|
||
3块3T HDD 组建软RAID5
|
||
|
||
# 创建过程
|
||
|
||
**安装工具**
|
||
```bash
|
||
apt install mdadm lvm*
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
**查找硬盘及硬盘名**
|
||
```bash
|
||
lsblk
|
||
```
|
||
输出如下：
|
||
```bash
|
||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
|
||
sda 8:0 0 2.7T 0 disk
|
||
├─sda1 8:1 0 8G 0 part
|
||
└─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part
|
||
sdb 8:16 0 2.7T 0 disk
|
||
├─sdb1 8:17 0 8G 0 part
|
||
└─sdb2 8:18 0 2G 0 part
|
||
sdc 8:32 0 447.1G 0 disk
|
||
├─sdc1 8:33 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
|
||
├─sdc2 8:34 0 445.7G 0 part /
|
||
└─sdc3 8:35 0 977M 0 part [SWAP]
|
||
sdd 8:48 0 2.7T 0 disk
|
||
├─sdd1 8:49 0 8G 0 part
|
||
└─sdd2 8:50 0 2G 0 part
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
需要组建的硬盘是`sda`,`sdb`,`sdd`
|
||
|
||
**组建阵列**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 3 -l 5 -x 0 /dev/sd{a,b,d}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
参数解释
|
||
`-C` 创建的意思
|
||
`/dev/md0` 创建的raid名字，题目要求什么就给什么
|
||
> -C下的 -a yes|no 是否自动创建目标RAID设备的设备文件
|
||
|
||
`-l` Raid的等级
|
||
`-n` 使用多少块硬盘来创建当前Raid
|
||
`-x` 空闲盘，这也就是热备盘了，当正常的盘出问题了，这块盘就能从 share状态 转换到 spare rebuilding状态，模拟情况见下方
|
||
`/dev/sd{b,c,d,e}` 这就是跟的硬盘块名字，也可以写长名字
|
||
|
||
输出
|
||
```bash
|
||
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
|
||
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
|
||
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sda
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sda but will be lost or
|
||
meaningless after creating array
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb but will be lost or
|
||
meaningless after creating array
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdd
|
||
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdd but will be lost or
|
||
meaningless after creating array
|
||
mdadm: size set to 2930134016K
|
||
mdadm: automatically enabling write-intent bitmap on large array
|
||
Continue creating array?
|
||
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
|
||
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
|
||
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**查看阵列**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mdadm -D /dev/md0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
/dev/md0:
|
||
Version : 1.2
|
||
Creation Time : Thu Jun 29 01:06:55 2023
|
||
Raid Level : raid5
|
||
Array Size : 5860268032 (5.46 TiB 6.00 TB)
|
||
Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2.73 TiB 3.00 TB)
|
||
Raid Devices : 3
|
||
Total Devices : 3
|
||
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
|
||
|
||
Intent Bitmap : Internal
|
||
|
||
Update Time : Thu Jun 29 01:07:06 2023
|
||
State : clean, degraded, recovering
|
||
Active Devices : 2
|
||
Working Devices : 3
|
||
Failed Devices : 0
|
||
Spare Devices : 1
|
||
|
||
Layout : left-symmetric
|
||
Chunk Size : 512K
|
||
|
||
Consistency Policy : bitmap
|
||
|
||
Rebuild Status : 0% complete
|
||
|
||
Name : DiskStation:0 (local to host DiskStation)
|
||
UUID : 6bf1ccaa:914b98c2:1ad546c1:6a759fc6
|
||
Events : 3
|
||
|
||
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
|
||
0 8 0 0 active sync /dev/sda
|
||
1 8 16 1 active sync /dev/sdb
|
||
3 8 48 2 spare rebuilding /dev/sdd
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**格式化磁盘**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
因为磁盘原本是zfs格式，所以有提醒
|
||
```bash
|
||
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
|
||
/dev/md0 contains a zfs_member file system
|
||
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
|
||
Creating filesystem with 1465067008 4k blocks and 183136256 inodes
|
||
Filesystem UUID: bb3e3587-ba78-4452-98c6-08ba7671826c
|
||
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
|
||
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
|
||
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
|
||
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
|
||
|
||
Allocating group tables: done
|
||
Writing inode tables: done
|
||
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
|
||
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**挂载**
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkdir /disk
|
||
# 目录随意
|
||
mount /dev/md0 /disk
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
查看挂载结果
|
||
```bash
|
||
df -h
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
可以看到`/disk` 目录已经有大小了。
|
||
|
||
# 常用工具
|
||
因为debian不是nas专用的系统，所以需要众多的软件来替代商用nas的各种套件。这里列了一下我常用的软件。
|
||
因为是裸系统，需要自己安装，所以能用docker就用docker，安装及卸载更方便。
|
||
|
||
1. filebrowser 文件浏览器，用来替代浏览文件
|
||
2. nginx-proxy-manager 反向代理，用来整个多个端口的应用，用域名方式访问
|
||
3. minio 标准S3存储，笔记软件或者需要备份使用它
|
||
4. portainer docker管理，可以web化管理docker镜像
|
||
5. linuxserver/qbittorrent BT下载器，用作日常的资源下载使用
|
||
6. mt-photos 照片备份软件，使用方便，但是收费
|
||
7. b3log/siyuan 笔记软件，但是只能一人使用。
|
||
8. jellyfin 影音软件，用于观看视频。安卓和IOS都有可硬解的第三方客户端
|
||
|
||
开发使用的软件更多
|
||
1. MySQL
|
||
2. PostgreSQL
|
||
3. Jenkins
|
||
4. Redis
|
||
5. Jumpserver
|
||
|
||
折腾下来，这些软件距离成品nas还是有一定的距离。可是折腾的乐趣不就在此吗？
|
||
|
||
后续慢慢发现更多的开源软件吧。 |